Gutei's One-Finger Zen, Part 7

So what, then, are we to make of this story of Gutei and his One-Finger Zen?

To arrive at an answer, we should go back to the beginning.  Gutei attained enlightenment when Tenryu raised one finger.  I don't know why Tenryu raised the one finger and the stories never tell.  Perhaps he was raising it dramaturgically while making some point while speaking.  Gesticulating.  Perhaps he raised it to silence Gutei's questions and commentary.  Perhaps he was pointing to the heavens, or gesturing "one" to indicate the unity of all things.  

It doesn't matter.  There was one person who attained enlightenment at the sound of a pebble hitting bamboo.  The sound of the pebble didn't "mean" anything - it just was.  There was another who attained enlightenment at the sight of cherry blossoms in a valley.  The cherry blossoms weren't trying to communicate anything - they were just existing as they were.  

Gutei attained enlightenment when Tenryu raised one finger. Because this was an intentional, human action, we want to identify some specific meaning to it, and Tenryu most likely had some reason for raising a finger, but it doesn't matter - the conditions were right for Gutei to awaken, and the finger just happened to be there.

From then on, Gutei used the raised finger to answer all questions.  It wasn't that he had attached any meaning to the gesture other than it being a direct action - the expression of his teacher, which went beyond rational thought and meaning and was just a direct expression of things as they are.  Suchness, if you will. Just be glad that Tenryu wasn't picking his nose when Gutei attained enlightenment.

Gutei's disciple later thought that the gesture had some specific meaning, and when asked what Gutei's teaching was, he mimicked the gesture.  However, the poor fellow was mistaking the method for the lesson. Gutei's teaching wasn't the holding up of one finger - the gesture was just the action that's free from words, that's beyond this or that, that is simply suchness in the present moment.

Gutei disabused him of this delusion.  It's upsetting to think that he literally cut off a finger.  Maybe it was a figurative removal - the cutting away of delusion - not unlike Huike's supposed cutting off of his arm to show that he was free from grasping.  But we should examine why a literal cutting upsets us so much.  One finger is arguably a small price to pay for enlightenment, but perhaps we are still clinging to body-and-mind  and are not yet ready to awaken.  Dogen described awakening as body and mind dropping away, and if we are free of body and mind, we wouldn't much care about a finger.

The attendant attained enlightenment after Gutei had cut off the finger and then raised his own.  But it wasn't these actions that caused the awakening in the attendant - once again, these actions, although extreme, don't "mean" anything in and of themselves other than whatever meaning the mind puts on it.  As Zen Master Dogen explains, the attendant attained enlightenment due to years of practicing with his teacher.  For him, the bamboo, the cherry blossoms, the one finger was this rather dramatic sequence of events.  

But the cutting off of the finger is not the point of the story - it's just something that the mind can get fixated on.  The point of the story is that in buddha-nature, human actions, just like the natural events, are beyond meaning or significance.  The meaning or significance is later applied by the human mind and may differ from person to person.   

After years of practice, Gutei observed Tenryu raise a finger, and at that moment awakened to his true nature.  He observed this action-beyond-meaning his whole life, and thoroughly explored its potentials.  

If you grasp for meaning, watch out!, because there's no account of Gutei's giving away his knife. 

Gutei's One-Finger Zen, Part 6

"To work the earth and only to work the earth is thorough exploration.  To pass from once working the earth to once working the sky, to once working the four quarters and eight aspects, is not thorough exploration. Gutei's exploration of Tenryu and attainment of the One-Finger Zen is thorough exploration. Gutei's only raising one finger is thorough exploration." - Zen Master Dogen in Shobogenzo Hensan 

Gutei's One Finger Zen, Part 5

When Gutei was about to die, he said to the assembled monks,"I received this one-finger Zen from Tenryu. I used it all my life and yet could not exhaust it" and then he passed away.

Gutei's One-Finger Zen, Part 4

Whenever Gutei was asked questions, he did nothing but raise a finger.

One day, someone asked his attendant what the master’s teaching was, the boy mimicked his master’s action and raised a finger. When Gutei heard this, he cut off the boy’s finger. 

The boy ran away crying. Gutei called the boy’s name. When the boy turned his head, Gutei raised his finger. 

The boy suddenly became enlightened.

Gutei's One-Finger Zen, Part 3

One day Zen Master Dogen instructed,

An ancient has said, “Associating with a good person is like walking through mist and dew; though you will not become drenched, gradually your robes will become damp.”  This means that if you become familiar with a good person, you will become good yourself without being aware of it. 

In ancient times a boy who attended Mater Gutei, without noticing when he was learning or when he was practicing, realized the Way because he had served as a personal attendant to the master who had been practicing for a long time. 

Similarly if you practice zazen for a long time you will suddenly clarify the Great Matter and will know that zazen is the true gate to the buddha-dharma (Shobogenzo Zuimonki, Book 4, Chapter 4).  

Gutei's One-Finger Zen, Part 2

Zen Master Tenryu once visited Gutei in Wu Province.  Gutei welcomed him ceremoniously, and in response to Gutei's questions, Tenryu simply lifted a single finger.  Suddenly, Gutei was greatly enlightened.

Later, whenever anything was asked of him, Gutei just raised one finger.

Gutei's One-Finger Zen, Part 1

Ponder the fact that someone realized the Way by hearing the sound of bamboo; that another clarified the Mind at the sight of peach blossoms. How could it be possible to differentiate smart bamboo trees from dull ones, or deluded ones from enlightened ones? How could there be shallow or deep, wise or stupid among flowers? The flowers bloom every year yet not everyone attains enlightenment by viewing them. Stones often strike bamboo yet not everyone who hears the sound clarifies the Way. Only through the virtue of long study and continuous practice, with the assistance of diligent effort in the Way, does one realize the Way or clarify the Mind. This did not occur because the sound of the bamboo was especially wonderful, nor because the color of the peach blossoms was particularly profound. Although the sound of bamboo is marvelous, it does not sound of itself; it cries out with the help of a piece of tile. Although the color of peach blossoms is beautiful, they do not bloom of themselves; they open with the help of the spring breeze. - Shobogenzo Zuimonki, Book 4, Chapter 5.